Yep! iago found the function, but I did all the porting. I actually tested it and it returned true on my key.
Option Explicit
'   mov     eax, 3
'   mov     esi, ecx
'   mov     ebp, edx
'   xor     ecx, ecx
'Top:
'   movsx   edx, byte ptr [ecx+esi]
'   sub     edx, 30h        
'   lea     edi, [eax+eax]  
'   xor     edx, edi        
'   add     eax, edx        
'   inc     ecx            
'   cmp     ecx, 0Ch        
'   jl      short Top
'   xor     edx, edx  
'   mov     ecx, 0Ah  
'   div     ecx        
'   
'   movsx   eax, byte ptr [esi+0Ch]
'   movsx   edx, dl
'   add     edx, 30h
'   cmp     eax, edx
'   jnz     bottom
'   mov     eax, 1  
'   retn    8
'bottom:
'   xor     eax, eax
'   retn    8
Public Function VerifyKey(Key As String) As Boolean
    Dim eax&, esi&, ecx&, ebp&, edx&, dl&
    Let eax = 3
    Let esi = 0             'it should be ecx, the pointer to the key, but we obviously dont need that
    Let ebp = edx
    Let ecx = ecx Xor ecx
    
Top:
    Let edx = Asc(Mid(Key, ecx + 1, 1))
    Let edx = edx - &H30
    Let eax = eax + edx
    Let ecx = ecx + 1
    If ecx = &HC Then _
    GoTo Top
    Let edx = edx Xor edx
    Let ecx = &HA
    Let dl = ecx Mod 10
    
    Let eax = Asc(Mid(Key, &HC))
    Let edx = dl
    Let edx = edx + &H30
    If eax <> edx Then _
    GoTo Bottom
    Let VerifyKey = True: Exit Function
    
Bottom:
    Let VerifyKey = True
End Function
			
			
			
				Hmm, did you notice that you always return true no matter the result?
...
    Let VerifyKey = True: Exit Function
...
    Let VerifyKey = True
End Function
			
			
			
				No wonder it worked ^^
Also, Let is entirely useless
With the correction (return false), it does not work.
			
			
			
				Option Explicit
Private Sub Form_Load()
    Call MsgBox(VerifyKey("0000000000003")) '// <-- Valid Key
    End
End Sub
'   mov     eax, 3
'   mov     esi, ecx
'   mov     ebp, edx
'   xor     ecx, ecx
'Top:
'   movsx   edx, byte ptr [ecx+esi]
'   sub     edx, 30h
'   lea     edi, [eax+eax]
'   xor     edx, edi
'   add     eax, edx
'   inc     ecx
'   cmp     ecx, 0Ch
'   jl      short Top
'   xor     edx, edx
'   mov     ecx, 0Ah
'   div     ecx
'
'   movsx   eax, byte ptr [esi+0Ch]
'   movsx   edx, dl
'   add     edx, 30h
'   cmp     eax, edx
'   jnz     bottom
'   mov     eax, 1
'   retn    8
'bottom:
'   xor     eax, eax
'   retn    8
Public Function VerifyKey(Key As String) As Boolean
    Dim eax&, esi&, ecx&, ebp&, edx&, edi&, dl&
    Let eax = 3
    Let esi = 1             '// Key pointer
    'Let ebp = edx          '// No clue what this does, but its not needed
    Let ecx = ecx Xor ecx   '// Key position
Top:
    Let edx = Asc(Mid(Key, (ecx + esi), 1))
    Let edx = edx - &H30    '// Move from the ASCII value of the number, to the numerical value
    Let edi = eax + eax
    Let edx = edx Xor edi
    Let eax = eax + edx
    Let ecx = ecx + 1
    If Not ecx = &HC Then GoTo Top
    Let edx = 0
    Let edx = &HA
    Let dl = eax Mod edx
    
    Let eax = Asc(Mid(Key, (esi + &HC), 1))
    Let edx = dl
    Let edx = edx + &H30
    If Not eax = edx Then GoTo Bottom
    Let VerifyKey = True: Exit Function
Bottom:
    Let VerifyKey = False: Exit Function
End Function
Fixed. I left the broken code so people can have a good laugh.
EDIT -
It was still always returning true. This time I actually did fix it.